Отглеждане на трюфели – всичко, което трябва да знаем

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Пенев използва и специален инструмент за изкопаване на трюфели и изрязване на корени на дървета, с който нанася минимални щети на ландшафта. В България ловецът на трюфели получава около 103 долара за килограм за смесена селекция от черни трюфели. Едно от местата в България, където доказано има трюфели – са някои села около Угърчин, обл.Ловеч. Община Угърчин, заедно с основния спонсор на събитието, са подсигурили награди за най-добрите – купи, медали и парични премии. Белият зимен трюфел например се смята за един от най-големите деликатеси в света, търгува се главно в Италия, Франция, САЩ и Германия. Расте предимно във Франция, Италия, Хърватия, но е намиран и в територията на нашата страна. Среща се в Италия и Испания, но най-вече във Франция, където е много високо ценен. Други дръвчета, благоприятстващи отглеждането на високо качествени трюфели са топола, леска, габър, бреза, кедър. Търсенето на трюфели може да е само с кучета, защото практиката за търсене с прасета е ограничена поради разпространението на АЧС. Ключът към успешния лов са кучета, които могат да доловят острата миризма на трюфелите, да ги изровят и да ги донесат на собственика си. Английският фоксхаунд е друга порода кучета, която се използва за лов на трюфели от векове.

Чокови четат, намират хора, които продават кучета за откриване на трюфели, и се заемат с лов на трюфели. Ако никога не сте опитвали домашни трюфели, истински такива, не бъркайте, че знаете за какъв превъзходен десерт говорим. Когато използвате трюфели, искате да ги оставите да диминират, така че не прекалявайте с допълнителните съставки – малко масло, сол и малко добро твърдо сирене е повече от достатъчно. Ако обичате наситения и даже нагарчащ какаов вкус, ползвайте черен шоколад с повече проценти. За да се извлече максимална полза от този интензивен вкус, той трябва да се използва в малки количества и да се обработва внимателно от опитен готвач. За други е мистичен вкус, който няма заместител. Нейният земен вкус и сложен аромат се съчетават перфектно с паста, ризото и други ястия. Черните трюфели са по-често срещани и имат по-земен и интензивен вкус. Аристократите от Древен Рим и Египет се научили да готвят трюфели. Могат да се използват и прасета, но тези животни са по-трудни за контролиране и понякога изяждат трюфелите. За юридически лица имуществената санкция за тези нарушения може да достигне 10 хил. Намаляващите добиви на тези гъби са причината цената да се покачва, което прави трюфелите една от най-скъпите храни в света.

Тези гъби се настъргват и с тях се поръсват различни видове ястия. В суров вид трюфелите могат да се добавят в различни видове сосове. Този въпрос си задават всички ентусиасти, които искат да изкарат пари от събирането на трюфели. С цената си до 8000 лв. Между 1 000 и 20 000 лв. Така например, ако физическо лице уврежда естествените находища на трюфели ще се наказва с глоба в размер от 1 000 до 2 000 лева, а предметът и средствата на нарушението се отнемат в полза на държавата. Според френските майстори готвачи, ако добавите съвсем малко трюфели в пържените яйца, се получава закуска, за която всеки ще си спомня дълго. Според вносителите такъв закон е нужен, защото в момента липсват ясни правила за разрешителни режими, регистрация на обекти за изкупуване, специфични изисквания към заетите в бранша лица, прилагане на мерки за опазване на околната среда. Според данни на браншовите организации сектора осигурява заетост на 20 000 до 30 000 лица. Годишният експорт на трюфели от България е приблизително 150-200 тона, но това са само официалните данни, реалният експорт не е отчетен статистически, но се предполага, че далеч надхвърля официалните данни. По данни на браншовите организации и научни статии през 2017 г.

Санкциите ще варират спрямо средните цени на отделните видове трюфели и изискванията на браншовите организации за отделните видове нарушения и спрямо тежестта им, пише в мотивите към законопроекта. Терарос ЕООД е водещ търговец на едро на пресни замразени черни и бели трюфели и бели трюфели от най-известните видове трюфели в света. България е богата на находища от черни и бели трюфели, които имат ценни хранителни и лечебни качества. Гъстите гори тук са дом на черни и бели трюфели. От Родопите до района на Странджа, разнообразните гори в страната предоставят идеални условия за растеж на трюфели. Тя може да варира от 1000 до 2500 долара за килограм. При правилно съхранение може да ги запазите до 1 месец. Който пък извършва изкупуване, търговия, обработка, съхранение или транспортиране на трюфели в нарушение на разпоредбите ще се наказва с глоба в размер от 3000 до 5000 лева. Някои са готови дори да спукат гумите на автомобила, да счупят прозорците или да отровят кучетата на новодошлия. Неговата сърцевина остава светла, дори след като узрее. България се появява на световната карта с находища от трюфел едва през последните 15 години, но пък има голям потенциал дори за култивиране на скъпоценния природен дар.

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